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A message about your soccer workout program and how to get faster and kick stronger…
"Soccer Players - Are You Missing Game Winning Opportunities Because You Need To Run Faster and Kick Harder"
Even if you are already the fastest player on your team or have the strongest kick there is still plenty of untapped speed in your muscles that can deliver even greater running speed and kicking power.
In soccer nothing happens until you get the ball and do something with it. Without the ball, you don’t score, you can’t make an assist, you can’t move the ball downfield. And without a powerful kick, you won’t score, or get the ball to where you want it with speed and precision.
There are plenty of people out there who will give you all of the advice you need about how to sprint faster and kick harder and farther.
Hey -- if you want to keep trying the same old conditioning routines everyone else is using and without being satisfied with the results, then I suggest doing so.
Otherwise read on...
I am now going to introduce you to some revolutionary exercises that will condition the specific fibers in your muscles that generate speed and quickness so you will now sprint faster and kick farther like never before.
These exercises have developed new levels of speed and quickness for thousands of athletes and will absolutely improve your soccer game – even help you dominate the soccer field if that is your goal.
You will have the ultimate advantage that very few others even now about - no matter what your age, skill level or fitness level.
The secret is…
How To Make Your Muscles Faster.
Sprinting speed and kicking power is mostly determined by how fast your muscles are, not by how strong they are. The honor of being the fastest sprinter and having the hardest kick goes to those with the fastest muscles - and that is not the same as having the strongest muscles. The faster your muscles move your leg the quicker you will run and the harder you will kick, it's as simple as that.
Like in any sport, proper soccer conditioning makes all the difference. What most people don’t realize is that there are three aspects to well rounded conditioning: endurance, strength and speed.
Athletes train for endurance by running long distances or training for long periods of time. Strength is usually increased by lifting heavy weights.
Proper training for pure muscle speed is often ignored
But, what about making your muscles faster? It’s not happening because athletes are ignoring training for muscle speed.
Why? Because we have not been taught how to properly train to make our muscles react faster and quicker. As a result many have been disappointed in their attempts to get faster.
"I have used your product for the past few years on and off for track and soccer season. I use the "Kick Karther and Run Faster" book.
I swear by your training methods and just wanted to say thank you for putting these training programs out there! I want to let you know I will continue to live by your training methods!"
Frankie D. - Bethel, Maine
- Maine State High School Player of the year for Soccer
- United States Achievement Academy National Soccer Award
- Conference record holder for the 200m
- As a sophomore broke school's 100m, 200m, and triple jump records
[more speed results...]
The simple Soccer Exercise program I am about to show you will develop the kind of speed and quickness that most soccer players only dream of.
And, unlike other types of conditioning, these exercises will be quick and easy to do and take just a few minutes a day.
Now you may be thinking that speed is something that you are born with and can’t be developed. But the fact is muscles can be conditioning specifically for speed and quickness if you do it properly.
Condition your soccer muscles specifically for speed
We have developed a unique soccer speed training program that is designed to do one thing and one thing only, make your soccer muscles quicker and faster.
Muscles can not be conditioned for speed in the same way they are conditioned strength.
Even if you have been playing for years and work out regularly, you will probably realize that though you may feel stronger and have more endurance, you are still not much faster now than you were previously.
The best strategy for getting faster muscle speed
What we have found is that muscle speed is best developed using a program of isometric exercises with resistance bands.
Iisometrics, the way we teach it using the resistance band, is the ideal method to develop blazing speed and quickness in soccer and in any other sport.
Incredible results in athletic performance have been realized when muscles are properly conditioned for speed.
The many stories of dramatic increases in speed we receive from athletes and recreational players alike supports our ideas about how muscles work and how they are designed to produce both speed and strength and why muscles can not be trained for speed the same way they are trained for strength.
As a result of using these soccer exercises, you will Sprint Faster and Kick Harder - You will find that you can now:
Beat your opponent to the ball.
Out run your opponent to get open.
Out run your opponent to stop their scoring opportunity.
Get yourself more scoring opportunities.
Deliver crushing kicks past the goalie for scores.
Kick the ball downfield farther.
Pass the ball farther and with more power.
Have more confidence on the field.
Feel stronger and not tire as quickly.
Astonish your friends and other players.
Look more fit and energetic on the field.
Play with greater enjoyment.
Is it time to get serious about your soccer performance? You will not find a quicker, simpler and more effective way to maximize your speed and improve your game.
There are all kinds of soccer drills, practice equipment, soccer training programs and theories about how to improve your game. And that's fine, of course, because proper technique, soccer skills, and practice are crucial to winning and playing your best.
But when it comes to getting faster and quicker every one has a different technique or theory.
Speed and quickness are not the same as strength and endurance, and you won’t achieve great muscle speed with training based on commonly used strength and endurance techniques.
Speed is not determined by how strong your muscles are, that is by how much weight they can lift, but by how quickly they react and contract. And speed and quickness of your muscles is accomplished by properly conditioning what are called your fast twitch muscle fibers. These are the specific fibers in your muscles that are responsible for speed and quickness.
"Hello, my name is Kenneth and after using the program for a month it has helped me out a lot because now my soccer team has a striker they can rely on to beat the defense and score."
Kenneth Henry - California
[more speed results...]
Fast Twitch Muscle Fibers for Speed Are Often Ignored
If you think you are fast now, just wait until you unlock the speed that your fast twitch muscle fibers are capable of!
The secret to more explosive power found in this remarkable exercise program is that it does 2 things to get you faster in record time:
Conditions your muscles to contract with amazing speed and quickness, and
Develops 'muscle memory' in your neuro pathways to get even quicker.
And, it does all this in a safe, simple and easy to follow routine that anyone can do, practically anywhere and anytime in just a few minutes a day, without any special equipment.
And because fast twitch muscle fibers respond to conditioning much faster and easier than strength - or slow twitch - fibers, you will feel lighter and faster and start experiencing astonishing running speed and kicking power in just a few days.
"I was trying to improve my soccer skills and the "Run faster, Kick farther" program seemed exactly what I needed. I bought the book and began to train on it right away.
I was able to notice my speed was slightly faster within two days and I was receiving complements on my kick for it's speed, distance and the overall quality three days after starting.
I have been working on the program for a month know and I have become a valuable part of my team, all thanks to this program. I recommend it to anyone looking for an athletic edge in any sport."
D. Fleming - North Mankota, Minnesota
[more speed results...]
"I am 56 and my daughter is 16. We bought the Run Faster & Kick Farther program for my daughter's soccer. The results are amazing!
She is playing soccer at such a high level and will begin playing it in college next year.
I also did the training and my legs just feel so revived, my health is better and I am able to practice with her with soccer!"
Domingo - New York
[more speed results...]
Works for all age groups & fitness levels
This isometric soccer exercise program uses the dynamic elastic properties of resistance bands - the more you stretch them, the more resistance that is applied. The bands are included with the exercise manual, and they will train your muscles for speed and quickness like never before.
You can see results in just 14 days or less, just by following the included soccer exercise instructions for a just few minutes each day.
The exercises can be done simply, safely and effectively at your convenience, practically anywhere and anytime.
And because the resistance level applied by the bands is determined by the strength of the individual, these soccer exercises can be successfully used by practically anyone, of any age, and any fitness level.
Whether youth, high school, college, beginner, intermediate or advanced, male and female player alike - it does not matter what your age or experience level.
Just follow the program detailed in the Soccer Training Exercise Manual, using the specially engineered resistance bands supplied with the manual and you will significantly improve your soccer game by sprinting faster and kicking farther and harder.
If you are not satisfied with the product return it within 1 year for a full refund. No questions asked.
Target and isolate specific muscles for soccer
Not only will this program target the specific muscle fibers that generate speed, they will also isolate and condition the exact muscle groups that are crucial for running and kicking.
The program conditions for speed all of the muscles used in the following:
Straight forward sprinting
Side to side lateral quickness
Punting the ball
Kicking the ball straight on
"Soccer style" kicks
"My son (13) and daughter (10) have used your Kick farther program and now kick the ball farther than everyone on their teams.
My son has recieved many comments from opposing coaches about his kicking abilities. One coach even doubled up on the coverage of him because of your training. Thankyou for that.
Brian Murzyn - Glassboro, NJ
[more speed results...]
"I play soccer regularly and I always wanted to improve my speed in the game. I tried the exercise and I noticed a huge difference in just one week of doing this isometric exercise. The results of my times amazed me!
I never expected to improve in such short amount of time! This great exercise program increased my speed and my opponents are having a hard time in keeping up with me! My performance now is truly impressive!
I recommend this incredible program to everyone who wants to increase their speed. I can't thank you enough AthleticQuickness.com"
Tiego C. - Portugal
[more speed results...]
Training for pure speed is not strenuous, time consuming or intensive like strength or endurance training.
Proper speed training, the way we teach it, takes only a few minutes a day and should leave you feeling stronger, yet light and responsive... not tired, slow or sluggish as in strength or plyometrics training.
Even if you are currently in mid-soccer season, you will start seeing results in your game within days.
The package contains everything you need to Sprint Faster and Kick Farther and get started right away:
(view larger image)
The Soccer Run Faster and Kick Farther Speed Training Manual, developed by muscle speed expert Dr. Larry Van Such
The Soccer training exercise manual; Complete with illustrations, photographs, and clear instructions on how to perform each exercise. Includes all of the exercises to run faster plus exercises for kicking farther and harder.
Other material in the manual identifying and illustrating the muscles involved in each exercise, daily exercise charts, charts to measure your progress, and other tips for using the program.
2 Resistance Bands, 1 light (red), and 1 heavy (blue), specifically selected because their elastic properties are ideal for this type of training. We have tested many types of bands and some of them are not sufficiently effective for providing the elasticity your muscles need to develop greater velocity. The elastic properties of the exercise bands we supply are ideal for training your muscles for speed and quickness.
Our Letter of Introduction and other special resource materials.
Several Free Bonuses that include downloadable speed training recordings and transcripts that explain in more detail why isometrics with the resistance band far outperforms any other training method out there when it comes to developing muscle speed – and how thousands are achieving new levels of athletic performance with this training strategy.
Full access to our customer support team. Email them anytime (support@athleticquickness.com) with any questions you have about the program or the exercises, and they will gladly and promptly give you the best answers possible. You also have available to you, if needed, the expertise of muscle speed expert Dr. Larry Van Such, the developer of the training techniques used in this manual.
The Afterburner series video. The link to this free video will be emailed to you about 3 weeks after you purchase the program. There always comes a time in your training when you just can't seem to improve anymore. The Afterburner video will show you how to modify the exercises to get past these sticking points and take you to new levels of performance.
You are getting all of the running speed exercises and kicking exercises plus two sets of resistance bands and the bonuses for just $27.95 plus $4.95 for shipping.
You could be the one making the difference in your next game.
If you want to:
Improve your athletic performance
Develop your soccer skills
Advance your athletic career
Win more games
Play better and have more fun
Or just get off the bench and get more playing time
Then:
Get your program while it is still available at this incredibly low price.
You will not find this training program offered in any store.
Our Guarantee Is Very Simple
If you are not completely satisfied, just return the program within a year (yes, that's 365 days) for a 100% refund, no questions asked! We will even refund the standard shipping costs.
That's how confident we are about this program. If you do the exercises as prescribed you can't help but Run Faster and Kick Stronger.
The sooner you get started, the sooner you will be out running and out kicking your opponents on the soccer field.
What will happen if you decide to do nothing? That's right, nothing will change and your soccer speed and kicking will not be improved.
Order this program now to absolutely get more out of your game by developing a fast twitch muscle response, perhaps for the first time, to:
Deliver more powerful soccer kicks and score more often.
Get to more balls quicker.
Out run your opponent on offense and defense.
Feel better, look better and enjoy the game even more.
Order this program now and dramatically improve your sprinting and kicking by conditioning your fast twitch muscle fibers, perhaps for the first time.
(view larger image)
Click Here To Sprint Faster and Kick Farther In Days
"My son Sean Rosalez ordered your product and I will say at first I thought it was just some gimic that couldn't and wouldn't help his speed.
But I can and will say I was wrong - it's the best product he has worked with in building speed.
He runs for Davison High School and has the fastest time in the county for 200 meters (22.00) 11th grade. We know he will be blasting low 21. In the 200 this year his practice proves it.
And for the parents and coaches that want to know what it does I can tell them it gives Sean great leg speed. Its just so fast, he has extreme leg speed. Don't get me wrong, he had fast legs before but not like this...Sean now can try to take the 2008 Michigan State Title in either 200/or 400.
Your product works great and will take Sean to another level and I know he will go 21 in the 200. I hope a college will find him soon.
This product will help. Thank you very much.
Coach Rosalez - Max Speed Track Club - Davison, Michigan
[more speed results...]
Ordering information for the Soccer Speed Training Program
A fast leg is more important than a strong leg for kicking farther and running faster. Video shows how to exercise to kick farther.
Increase your muscle speed
Testimonials of success
How to Start your training in midseason and get results in days
Track star breaks records after training with isometrics and resistance bands
What are isometric exercises and fast twitch muscle fibers
Why resistance bands outperform weights when training for speed
View all the programs and get started right away!
Magnify your performance with speed and quickness!
[Testimonial Policy]
I play soccer and I'm a central midfielder, but I've always been a bit slower than everyone else on my team. I'm very talented on the ball, but my speed was holding me back.
I am absolutely blown away by how good this has been. And now, my team can rely on me even more than usual. I can't wait to continue the program to see how fast I can get! Thanks so much.
Carl B. - England
Speed Challenge Participant
“I am coming off a quad injury and have been unable to lift weights and perform exercises like I have been in the past with my football program.
I tried out the band exercises for 2 weeks and saw an immediate decrease in my 40 yard dash time by .2 seconds, from 4.7 to a 4.5. All within a couple weeks!.
Of course I was amazed by such result, especially since I have always been used to intense weight lifting workouts and speed training from my colleges coaches to increase speed. But this has proven to be very valuable.
James Thabuteau – Chicago, Il.
Cornerback – Truman State Univ.
Speed Challenge Participant
As you well know, THIS WORKS!!! I was skeptical at first, as there are so many people on the internet who claim to know the correct way to improve speed through the training of fast-twitch muscles.
I trainied as hard as I could to improve, but as stated on your website, I was unknowingly doing all the "slow-twitch" training that I thought was going to make me faster.
I am a true beleiver in this system. There must be thousands upon thousands of athletes who could benefit immediately from this golden information.
Thank you guys from the bottom of my heart. I can't wait to see how much more I will improve as I continue to train the CORRECT way for speed. Last week during wind sprints after practice, I was blowing everyone away. Including guys 10 years or more younger. THIS SYSTEM ROCKS."
Neil Knuth - Tokyo
Speed Challenge Participant
YOU GUYS ARE THE BOMB!!!
I could keep up with some of the guys, but never the speed demons. My fastest time was wind aided, but after 2 weeks on the program I felt like Usain bolt.
I just came back from a hamstring injury and the first time i got onto the soccer field in two months, I was blowing everyone away.
This has been the best 2 weeks of my life. my forty lowered .3 SECONDS!!! CAN YOU BELIEVE THAT.
Everyone asks me to help them get faster, im tellin him to come straight to this.
This really opened my eyes. Anyone reading this had better click on one of the links to buy a program. Its totally worth it.
Zach - Centralia , IL
Speed Challenge Participant
"Your program has yielded some amazing results.
After the first workout you will notice results. Dr. Such research nails the focus of running right on the head, because most athletes have really tight hip flexors and are unexposed to this type of training. You are only strong as your weakest link.
I just want to thank your program for its excellent work."
A.W. - Texas
I was under the impression that weight lifting would make me faster. Luckily I stumbled upon your website and I got my dad to order the program.
Now, after four weeks of doing this program I was able to time my forty and I ran a 5.16!
My goal is to break 4.9 by my birthday in a month. Even if I don't, this is an awesome speed training program and by far the best! Thank you! "
D.B. - Utah
"I have been using your program for two weeks and I have gone to a 4.53 in the 40-yard dash. This program really works."
Marcus - Somerdale, NJ
"Hi, This is a testimonial of success and i just wanted to say thank you for this product. I went through a 6 week conditioning program that cost me a lot of money and the results on my forty time only dropped .08.
Since I purchased this product my speed has increased phenomanaly.
J.V. - Texas
Your product is the first product i have used in my 16 years on this earth that actually exceeded its hype. Your run faster program is seriously the best! Again thanx for your run faster program!
A. K. - IN
"Hello, my name is Kenneth and after using the program for a month, i went from a 5.3 to a 4.9. this has helped me out a lot because now my soccer team has a striker they can rely on to beat the defense and score."
Kenneth Henry - California
"I received this program at the beginning of this football season. Ever since I received this program it has helped me catch up to the fastest kid on my team. I have studied isometric training for about a month before I found this progam, and I thought how come no one has even tried to create an isometric training program for running. Then, I searched isometric training on the net and whalah! I couldn't believe it. Thank you.
P.S. Couldn't ask for any better program."
D.U. - USA
Your Product is fantastic! My daughter has been doing the exercises faithfully for 3 weeks and her coach is really impressed. Thanks for your help and for a great product that has made a HUGE difference in my daughter's performance.
D.M. - Texas
"My son (13) and daughter (10) have used your Kick farther program and now kick the ball farther than everyone on their teams.
My son has recieved many comments from opposing coaches about his kicking abilities. One coach even doubled up on the coverage of him because of your training. Thanks for that."
Brian Murzyn - Glassboro, NJ
[more AthleticQuickness.com reviews...]
"Kicking farther is an athletic skill dependant upon the rate of muscular contraction. The faster you can contract these muscle groups simultaneously, the farther you will be able to kick the ball. And the best way to accomplish this is by using the resistance band with an isometric strategy."
We deliver the most effective low cost sport specific speed training programs available.
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Soccer Speed Training - Run Faster & Kick Farther | Basketball - Jump Higher | Tennis Speed - Racket Speed
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What is This??
business
world business in blog
Wednesday, February 10, 2010
Tuesday, February 24, 2009
Walter Camp was born April 17, 1859, in New Haven, Connecticut. He attended Yale from 1876 to 1882, where he studied medicine and business. Walter Camp was an author, athletic director, chairman of the board of the New Haven Clock Company, and director of the Peck Brothers Company.
He was general athletic director and head advisory football coach at Yale University from 1888-1914, and chairman of the Yale football committee from 1888-1912. Camp played football at Yale and helped evolve the rules of the game away from Rugby and Soccer rules into the rules of American Football as we know them today.
One precursor to Walter Camp's influence was William Ebb Ellis, a student at the Rugby School in England. In 1823, Ellis was the first person noted for picking up the ball during the soccer game and running with it, thereby breaking and changing the rules. In 1876, at the Massosoit convention, the the first attempts at writing down the rules of American football were made. Walter Camp edited every American Football rulebook until his death in 1925.
Walter Camp contibuted the following changes from Rugby and Soccer to American football:
one side retained undisputed possession of the ball, until that side gives up the ball as a result of its own violations
the line of scrimmage
11 on a team instead of 15
created the quarter-back and center positions
forward pass
standardized the scoring system, numerical scoring
created the safety, interference, penalties, and the neutral zone
tackling as low as the knee was permitted - 1888
a touchdown increased in value to six points and field goals went down to three points - 1912The NFL or the National Football League, was formed in 1920.
View Old Patent Drawings of Football EquipmentFrom a 1904 pair of football trousers onwards, see what inventors have patented for the game of football.
He was general athletic director and head advisory football coach at Yale University from 1888-1914, and chairman of the Yale football committee from 1888-1912. Camp played football at Yale and helped evolve the rules of the game away from Rugby and Soccer rules into the rules of American Football as we know them today.One precursor to Walter Camp's influence was William Ebb Ellis, a student at the Rugby School in England. In 1823, Ellis was the first person noted for picking up the ball during the soccer game and running with it, thereby breaking and changing the rules. In 1876, at the Massosoit convention, the the first attempts at writing down the rules of American football were made. Walter Camp edited every American Football rulebook until his death in 1925.
Walter Camp contibuted the following changes from Rugby and Soccer to American football:
one side retained undisputed possession of the ball, until that side gives up the ball as a result of its own violations
the line of scrimmage
11 on a team instead of 15
created the quarter-back and center positions
forward pass
standardized the scoring system, numerical scoring
created the safety, interference, penalties, and the neutral zone
tackling as low as the knee was permitted - 1888
a touchdown increased in value to six points and field goals went down to three points - 1912The NFL or the National Football League, was formed in 1920.
View Old Patent Drawings of Football EquipmentFrom a 1904 pair of football trousers onwards, see what inventors have patented for the game of football.
Sunday, January 25, 2009
Saturday, January 24, 2009
Business
A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to consumers or corporate entities such as governments, charities or other businesses. Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, most being privately owned and formed to earn profit to increase the wealth of owners. The owners and operators of a business have as one of their main objectives the receipt or generation of a financial return in exchange for work and acceptance of risk. Notable exceptions include cooperative businesses and state-owned enterprises. Socialistic systems involve either government, public, or worker ownership of most sizable businesses.
The etymology of "business" relates to the state of being busy either as an individual or society as a whole, doing commercially viable and profitable work. The term "business" has at least three usages, depending on the scope — the singular usage (above) to mean a particular company or corporation, the generalized usage to refer to a particular market sector, such as "the music business" and compound forms such as agribusiness, or the broadest meaning to include all activity by the community of suppliers of goods and services. However, the exact definition of business, like much else in the philosophy of business, is a matter of debate.
Business Studies, the study of the management of individuals to maintain collective productivity in order to accomplish particular creative and productive goals (usually to generate profit), is taught as an academic subject in many schools.
Organizing a business
The major factors affecting how a business is organized are usually:
* The size and scope of the business, and its anticipated management and ownership. Generally a smaller business is more flexible, while larger businesses, or those with wider ownership or more formal structures, will usually tend to be organized as partnerships or (more commonly) corporations. In addition a business which wishes to raise money on a stock market or to be owned by a wide range of people will often be required to adopt a specific legal form to do so.
* The sector and country. Private profit making businesses are different from government owned bodies. In some countries, certain businesses are legally obliged to be organized certain ways.
* Limited liability. Corporations, limited liability partnerships, and other specific types of business organizations protect their owners from business failure by doing business under a separate legal entity with certain legal protections. In contrast, unincorporated businesses or persons working on their own are usually not so protected.
* Tax advantages. Different structures are treated differently in tax law, and may have advantages for this reason.
* Disclosure and compliance requirements. Different business structures may be required to make more or less information public (or reported to relevant authorities), and may be bound to comply with different rules and regulations.
Many businesses are operated through a separate entity such as a corporation, limited partnership or limited liability company. Most legal jurisdictions allow people to organize such an entity by filing certain charter documents with the relevant Secretary of State or equivalent and complying with certain other ongoing obligations. The relationships and legal rights of shareholders, limited partners, or members are governed partly by the charter documents and partly by the law of the jurisdiction where the entity is organized. Generally speaking, shareholders in a corporation, limited partners in a limited partnership, and members in a limited liability company are shielded from personal liability for the debts and obligations of the entity, which is legally treated as a separate "person." This means that unless there is misconduct, the owner's own possessions are strongly protected in law, if the business does not succeed.
Where two or more individuals own a business together but have failed to organize a more specialized form of vehicle, they will be treated as a general partnership. The terms of a partnership are partly governed by a partnership agreement if one is created, and partly by the law of the jurisdiction where the partnership is located. No paperwork or filing is necessary to create a partnership, and without an agreement, the relationships and legal rights of the partners will be entirely governed by the law of the jurisdiction where the partnership is located.
A single person who owns and runs a business is commonly known as a sole proprietor, whether he or she owns it directly or through a formally organized entity.
A few relevant factors to consider in deciding how to operate a business include:
1. General partners in a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership), plus anyone who personally owns and operates a business without creating a separate legal entity, are personally liable for the debts and obligations of the business.
2. Generally, corporations are required to pay tax just like "real" people. In some tax systems, this can give rise to so-called double taxation, because first the corporation pays tax on the profit, and then when the corporation distributes its profits to its owners, individuals have to include dividends in their income when they complete their personal tax returns, at which point a second layer of income tax is imposed.
3. In most countries, there are laws which treat small corporations differently than large ones. They may be exempt from certain legal filing requirements or labor laws, have simplified procedures in specialized areas, and have simplified, advantageous, or slightly different tax treatment.
4. In order to "go public" (sometimes called IPO) -- which basically means to allow a part of the business to be owned by a wider range of investors or the public in general -- you must organize a separate entity, which is usually required to comply with a tighter set of laws and procedures. Most public entities are corporations that have sold shares, but increasingly there are also public LLCs that sell units (sometimes also called shares), and other more exotic entities as well (for example, REITs in the USA, Unit Trusts in the UK). However, you cannot take a general partnership "public."
Commercial law
Most commercial transactions are governed by a very detailed and well-established body of rules that have evolved over a very long period of time, it being the case that governing trade and commerce was a strong driving force in the creation of law and courts in Western civilization.
As for other laws that regulate or impact businesses, in many countries it is all but impossible to chronicle them all in a single reference source. There are laws governing treatment of labor and generally relations with employees, safety and protection issues (OSHA or Health and Safety), anti-discrimination laws (age, gender, disabilities, race, and in some jurisdictions, sexual orientation), minimum wage laws, union laws, workers compensation laws, and annual vacation or working hours time.
In some specialized businesses, there may also be licenses required, either due to special laws that govern entry into certain trades, occupations or professions, which may require special education, or by local governments who just want your money. Professions that require special licenses run the gamut from law and medicine to flying airplanes to selling liquor to radio broadcasting to selling investment securities to selling used cars to roofing. Local jurisdictions may also require special licenses and taxes just to operate a business without regard to the type of business involved.
Some businesses are subject to ongoing special regulation. These industries include, for example, public utilities, investment securities, banking, insurance, broadcasting, aviation, and health care providers. Environmental regulations are also very complex and can impact many kinds of businesses in unexpected ways.
Capital
When businesses need to raise money (called 'capital'), more laws come into play. A highly complex set of laws and regulations govern the offer and sale of investment securities (the means of raising money) in most Western countries. These regulations can require disclosure of a lot of specific financial and other information about the business and give buyers certain remedies. Because "securities" is a very broad term, most investment transactions will be potentially subject to these laws, unless a special exemption is available.
Capital may be raised through private means, by public offer (IPO) on a stock exchange, or in many other ways. Major stock exchanges include the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq (USA), the London Stock Exchange (UK), the Tokyo Stock Exchange (Japan), and so on. Most countries with capital markets have at least one.
Business that have gone "public" are subject to extremely detailed and complicated regulation about their internal governance (such as how executive officers' compensation is determined) and when and how information is disclosed to the public and their shareholders. In the United States, these regulations are primarily implemented and enforced by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Other Western nations have comparable regulatory bodies.
As noted at the beginning, it is impossible to enumerate all of the types of laws and regulations that impact on business today. In fact, these laws have become so numerous and complex, that no business lawyer can learn them all, forcing increasing specialization among corporate attorneys. It is not unheard of for teams of 5 to 10 attorneys to be required to handle certain kinds of corporate transactions, due to the sprawling nature of modern regulation. Commercial law spans general corporate law, employment and labor law, healthcare law, securities law, M&A law (who specialize in acquisitions), tax law, ERISA law (ERISA in the United States governs employee benefit plans), food and drug regulatory law, intellectual property law (specializing in copyrights, patents, trademarks and such), telecommunications law, and more.
In Thailand, for example, it is necessary to register a particular amount of capital for each employee, and pay a fee to the government for the amount of capital registered. There is no legal requirement to prove that this capital actually exists, the only requirement is to pay the fee. Overall, processes like this are detrimental to the development and GDP of a country, but often exist in "feudal" developing countries.
The etymology of "business" relates to the state of being busy either as an individual or society as a whole, doing commercially viable and profitable work. The term "business" has at least three usages, depending on the scope — the singular usage (above) to mean a particular company or corporation, the generalized usage to refer to a particular market sector, such as "the music business" and compound forms such as agribusiness, or the broadest meaning to include all activity by the community of suppliers of goods and services. However, the exact definition of business, like much else in the philosophy of business, is a matter of debate.
Business Studies, the study of the management of individuals to maintain collective productivity in order to accomplish particular creative and productive goals (usually to generate profit), is taught as an academic subject in many schools.
Organizing a business
The major factors affecting how a business is organized are usually:
* The size and scope of the business, and its anticipated management and ownership. Generally a smaller business is more flexible, while larger businesses, or those with wider ownership or more formal structures, will usually tend to be organized as partnerships or (more commonly) corporations. In addition a business which wishes to raise money on a stock market or to be owned by a wide range of people will often be required to adopt a specific legal form to do so.
* The sector and country. Private profit making businesses are different from government owned bodies. In some countries, certain businesses are legally obliged to be organized certain ways.
* Limited liability. Corporations, limited liability partnerships, and other specific types of business organizations protect their owners from business failure by doing business under a separate legal entity with certain legal protections. In contrast, unincorporated businesses or persons working on their own are usually not so protected.
* Tax advantages. Different structures are treated differently in tax law, and may have advantages for this reason.
* Disclosure and compliance requirements. Different business structures may be required to make more or less information public (or reported to relevant authorities), and may be bound to comply with different rules and regulations.
Many businesses are operated through a separate entity such as a corporation, limited partnership or limited liability company. Most legal jurisdictions allow people to organize such an entity by filing certain charter documents with the relevant Secretary of State or equivalent and complying with certain other ongoing obligations. The relationships and legal rights of shareholders, limited partners, or members are governed partly by the charter documents and partly by the law of the jurisdiction where the entity is organized. Generally speaking, shareholders in a corporation, limited partners in a limited partnership, and members in a limited liability company are shielded from personal liability for the debts and obligations of the entity, which is legally treated as a separate "person." This means that unless there is misconduct, the owner's own possessions are strongly protected in law, if the business does not succeed.
Where two or more individuals own a business together but have failed to organize a more specialized form of vehicle, they will be treated as a general partnership. The terms of a partnership are partly governed by a partnership agreement if one is created, and partly by the law of the jurisdiction where the partnership is located. No paperwork or filing is necessary to create a partnership, and without an agreement, the relationships and legal rights of the partners will be entirely governed by the law of the jurisdiction where the partnership is located.
A single person who owns and runs a business is commonly known as a sole proprietor, whether he or she owns it directly or through a formally organized entity.
A few relevant factors to consider in deciding how to operate a business include:
1. General partners in a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership), plus anyone who personally owns and operates a business without creating a separate legal entity, are personally liable for the debts and obligations of the business.
2. Generally, corporations are required to pay tax just like "real" people. In some tax systems, this can give rise to so-called double taxation, because first the corporation pays tax on the profit, and then when the corporation distributes its profits to its owners, individuals have to include dividends in their income when they complete their personal tax returns, at which point a second layer of income tax is imposed.
3. In most countries, there are laws which treat small corporations differently than large ones. They may be exempt from certain legal filing requirements or labor laws, have simplified procedures in specialized areas, and have simplified, advantageous, or slightly different tax treatment.
4. In order to "go public" (sometimes called IPO) -- which basically means to allow a part of the business to be owned by a wider range of investors or the public in general -- you must organize a separate entity, which is usually required to comply with a tighter set of laws and procedures. Most public entities are corporations that have sold shares, but increasingly there are also public LLCs that sell units (sometimes also called shares), and other more exotic entities as well (for example, REITs in the USA, Unit Trusts in the UK). However, you cannot take a general partnership "public."
Commercial law
Most commercial transactions are governed by a very detailed and well-established body of rules that have evolved over a very long period of time, it being the case that governing trade and commerce was a strong driving force in the creation of law and courts in Western civilization.
As for other laws that regulate or impact businesses, in many countries it is all but impossible to chronicle them all in a single reference source. There are laws governing treatment of labor and generally relations with employees, safety and protection issues (OSHA or Health and Safety), anti-discrimination laws (age, gender, disabilities, race, and in some jurisdictions, sexual orientation), minimum wage laws, union laws, workers compensation laws, and annual vacation or working hours time.
In some specialized businesses, there may also be licenses required, either due to special laws that govern entry into certain trades, occupations or professions, which may require special education, or by local governments who just want your money. Professions that require special licenses run the gamut from law and medicine to flying airplanes to selling liquor to radio broadcasting to selling investment securities to selling used cars to roofing. Local jurisdictions may also require special licenses and taxes just to operate a business without regard to the type of business involved.
Some businesses are subject to ongoing special regulation. These industries include, for example, public utilities, investment securities, banking, insurance, broadcasting, aviation, and health care providers. Environmental regulations are also very complex and can impact many kinds of businesses in unexpected ways.
Capital
When businesses need to raise money (called 'capital'), more laws come into play. A highly complex set of laws and regulations govern the offer and sale of investment securities (the means of raising money) in most Western countries. These regulations can require disclosure of a lot of specific financial and other information about the business and give buyers certain remedies. Because "securities" is a very broad term, most investment transactions will be potentially subject to these laws, unless a special exemption is available.
Capital may be raised through private means, by public offer (IPO) on a stock exchange, or in many other ways. Major stock exchanges include the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq (USA), the London Stock Exchange (UK), the Tokyo Stock Exchange (Japan), and so on. Most countries with capital markets have at least one.
Business that have gone "public" are subject to extremely detailed and complicated regulation about their internal governance (such as how executive officers' compensation is determined) and when and how information is disclosed to the public and their shareholders. In the United States, these regulations are primarily implemented and enforced by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Other Western nations have comparable regulatory bodies.
As noted at the beginning, it is impossible to enumerate all of the types of laws and regulations that impact on business today. In fact, these laws have become so numerous and complex, that no business lawyer can learn them all, forcing increasing specialization among corporate attorneys. It is not unheard of for teams of 5 to 10 attorneys to be required to handle certain kinds of corporate transactions, due to the sprawling nature of modern regulation. Commercial law spans general corporate law, employment and labor law, healthcare law, securities law, M&A law (who specialize in acquisitions), tax law, ERISA law (ERISA in the United States governs employee benefit plans), food and drug regulatory law, intellectual property law (specializing in copyrights, patents, trademarks and such), telecommunications law, and more.
In Thailand, for example, it is necessary to register a particular amount of capital for each employee, and pay a fee to the government for the amount of capital registered. There is no legal requirement to prove that this capital actually exists, the only requirement is to pay the fee. Overall, processes like this are detrimental to the development and GDP of a country, but often exist in "feudal" developing countries.
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